On March 7, 321, Roman Emperor Constantine I decreed that dies Solis Invicti (‘sun-day,' or Day of Sol Invictus, Roman God of the Sun) would be the Roman day of rest throughout the Roman Empire.
Digging Deeper
Constantine I became Emperor in 306 AD upon the death of his father, the reigning Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, Constantius I. Constantine had somewhere along the way adopted the Christianity practiced by his mother, Helena, though History is not clear exactly when this conversion took place. In 313, Constantine had removed all penalties for practicing Christianity and restored property and rights to those previously convicted of the illegal religion (Edict of Milan).
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