Story of Wang Ching-wei and Nanking Puppet Government

Japanese troops, after conquering the Shanhai Pass (Shan-hai-kuan) and Linyu County in 1933, advanced swiftly to occupy much of Hebei Province. On 31 May 1933, He Yingqin and Huang Fu, leaders of the Kuomintang North China authorities, were authorized by Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei (Wang Jingwei) to sign the humiliating Tanggu Pact with the Japanese aggressors. The Kuomintang (KMT) authorities then negotiated with the Japanese on the return of the war zones (i.e., the zones between the truce line and the Great Wall vacated by the Japanese troops in North China) and related transportation and postal communication lines between areas north and south of the Shanhai Pass. These talks are known as the post-Tanggu Pact negotiations.

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