During the Second World War, Alan Turing worked at the Government Code and Cipher School at Bletchley Park – the forerunner of GCHQ – where he devised the techniques which cracked the German Enigma code.
He is widely seen as the father of computer science and artificial intelligence and is credited with helping to shorten the course of the war.
Turing was born in 1912 in a nursing home in Paddington, London, another biographer Andrew Hodges has said.
Science was "an extra-curricular passion", which led him to become an undergraduate at King's College, Cambridge – and it was here that homosexuality became a definitive part of his identity, Mr Hodge said.
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