Military hanged four Modoc Indians who were found guilty of murdering General Edward Canby during the Modoc War in Oregon.
Canby, a Civil War hero, was the only general and the highest ranking military official ever killed by Indians. The Modoc also killed a minister during the April 11, 1873 incident near the end of a six-month war set against the rugged terrain of northern California's lava beds.
The war, which started in November 1872, pitted the small Modoc Tribe—numbering fewer than 400 people—against the United States Army. Led by Captain Jack and Schonchin John, the Modoc fought to retain rights to their homeland, a six-square-mile reservation.