On 12 March 1938 the German army invaded Austria. Shortly thereafter, this formerly independent republic was incorporated into the Third Reich. For Austria's six million citizens, most of whom were enthusiastic supporters of this development, the impact was profound. For the Jewish community, in most cases it ultimately meant exile or death. The ensuing Nazification of everyday life ensured there were numerous smaller consequences; for example, popular books and music scores were banned, and there were limitations on freedom of expression. There were other outcomes, one of which was experienced by the Archduchess Ileana of Austria-Toscana, as a file unearthed in the National Archives shows.
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