In 1944, the renowned British economist John Maynard Keynes gave a landmark speech at the famous Bretton Woods conference. The Allies, he said, had proven that they could fight together; now it was time to show they could also live together. If they could achieve this, a genuine “brotherhood of man” was within their grasp.
The Second World War was such a vast catastrophe that by 1944 the need for global change was obvious to everyone. At Bretton Woods, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and an element of the World Bank were created to promote peace and prosperity, and to prevent the kind of economic shocks that had led to war in the first place. The United Nations (UN), created the following year, was founded on the same noble principles.
But at the same time as trying to save the world from the scourge of future war, these organisations were also a perfect way to cement the powers and privileges of the major Allies.