Strategic bombing was the major means by which the Allies were able to strike a direct blow at the morale of German citizens. Almost one-third of the Germans were subjected to it and lived in the shadow of its threat. One-half of one percent were killed by bombing, and 1 percent were injured. One-fifth of all civilians were deprived of water, gas, or electricity, many of them for long periods. One of every 15 civilians were evacuated to another area. Every German whether or or not he experienced these direct effects of bombing, suffered such indirect results as shortage of food and supplies and the disruption of transportation. There was no German civilian who did not experience hardship or suffering as a result of bombing.