Rudolf Hess, who became Deputy to the Fuhrer in 1933 and third in line of succession after Hitler and Goring, flew himself to Britain on May 10, 1941, and parachuted into Scotland, where he was found by a farmer. Hess claimed to be on a mission seeking peace with Britain, but was held as a prisoner of war in Wales until being tried at Nuremberg

Starting with a secret order signed by FDR allowing the FBI to spy on subversives, J. Edgar Hoover greatly expanded the powers of the Bureau to root out alleged spies and communists in the United States, reaching a peak in the 1950s when newly elected President Eisenhower gave Hoover free reign over domestic security affairs.